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GLASS_KEY


                                   March 27, 2003
The Glass Key (1931)         Rev:  June  19, 2004
by Dashiell Hammett:


The initial set-up:
Our hero is "Ned       The politician is Paul
Beaumont", who         Madvig, a machine-boss      On top of this, there's
describes himself      who is also running         a bookie who tries to
as "a gambler, and     speakeasies and             skip without paying Ned
a politician's         gambling houses;            Beaumont's winnings;
hanger-on".            cutting a deal with a       the girlfriend the
                       hoity-toity Senator         bookie abandons; Paul
                       because he's after his      Madvig's daughter,
                       daughter; and fighting      who's been fooling
                       a rear-guard action         about with the
                       against a rival             Senator's son Taylor
                       speakeasy operator          Henry; and Taylor Henry
                       who's even more vicious     himself, who ends up
                       than he is.                 dead in the street near
                                                   "The Log Cabin Club"
This is the                                        that Paul Madvig uses
book Hammett                                       as a base of
wrote after                                        operations.
"The Maltese
Falcon".                                                  (Heh: "Log Cabin
                                                          Club". Paul Madvig
      It has much in common                               is no Abraham
      in style and theme                                  Lincoln.)
      with it's more famous
      predecessor, but I
      recommend this one      For one thing, it has
      more highly.            not had the meaning
                              sucked out of it by a
                              film adaptation as
Style: if one man is          excellent as the 1941       G_IN_THE_AIR
responsible for               "Maltese Falcon".
crystallizing the
American style, it's                  (As far as the filmed
Hammett: he perfected                 "Glass Key" goes:
clean, simple, direct                 Pretty boy war hero
prose.                                Alan Ladd borders on
                                      the pet rock
   (Hemingway is often given          category, though
   credit for "inventing"             William Bendix did a
   this, but "The Sun Also            fine job with the
   Rises" was published in            character Jeff.)
   1926, and Hammett's
   "Continental Op" stories
   started running in 1924.)






The immediately striking
thing about "The Glass        When Hammett wrote the
Key" (like "The Maltese       Glass Key he *may* have
Falcon") is that it is        been thinking of it as    But there was
completely, relentlessly,     a movie script in novel   certainly influence
external.                     form ("The Jazz Singer"   going the other
                              had been released in      way: there were a
The third-person              1927).  But he was        number of attempts
narration follows the         already going in this     at doing "The
main character around,        direction some years      Maltese Falcon" in
and records what the          before that, circa        movie form, before
things he does and the        1924: my guess is that    John Huston did the
things he says, but it        this was a minimal        definitive version
never ducks inside his        influence.                in 1941, with
head to tell us what he                                 Humphrey Bogart.
thinks.                          Of course, it
                                 *could* be he             (And for once
A hot topic in mid-20s           was thinking              Hollywood had
literature was "stream           about stage               the sense to
of consciousness":               plays...                  stop.)
writers like James
Joyce and Virginia                 But the distance
Woolf attempted to                 from audience to
capture on paper the               curtain line is
torrent of words that              much larger than
flow through the human             from the reader
mind.                              to Beaumont's
                                   mustache.
Hammett on the other
hand, evidentally
believed that this
was impossible,
that no one            FOGGY_BOTTOM
understands human
thought well enough
to record it honestly.

"The Glass Key" is in
effect (and perhaps by
design) an anti-"stream
of consciousness"
story: the reader
knows everything that
goes on, but can only
infer why.

But Hammett isn't pushing
the Literary Ambiguity in
your face... it's largely      Or at least, the reader
pretty clear what's going      usually *thinks* it's clear:
on in Ned Beaumont's head.     different readers sometimes
                               find they disagree when they
                               compare notes.

                                                          SPOILERS
                                            Ambiguities:

                                            When Beaumont first breaks with
One of the virtues of the                   Madvig, he ends up getting roped
"Black Mask"/hardboiled                     in by Shad.
school is it's rejection     BLACK_MASKS
of the absurdities of the                   Later, Beaumont gets together
mystery genre.                              with Madvig again for awhile,
                                            and the world at large decides
There are no curare-dipped                  it was all a trick in the first
barbed shoe-laces, and no                   place, a shifty maneuver to get
succotash on the stairs                     at Shad.
over the suit of armor with
crossed-halbreds.                           I know at least one person who
                                            got the impression that that was
However, "The Maltese Falcon"               actually supposed to be the case.
does have a rather romantic
macguffin (a piece of
historically significant                    It seems pretty clear to
jewel-studded gold -- though                me that Hammett had the
characteristically it never                 opposite idea in mind:
actually appears on stage).                 human character is much
And similarly, the main                     more shapeless than that,
character in "The Maltese                   and human motivations
Falcon" is the rather                       much less rational.
unlikely Lone Private Eye.                  Beaumont gets mad, and
                                            walks out, then starts
"The Glass Key" has the                     toying around with Shad
gritty realism cranked                      for the hell of it and
up another few notches,                     get's pushed back into
with it's backdrop of                       Madvig's camp when Shad
corrupt politics and an                     starts playing hardball.
ethically dubious
political fixer as a                        The details of what Beaumont was
main character.                             *really* trying to do remain
                                            open questions:
   My first guess with
   this kind of tale of                        Maybe he was just
   corruption is that                          trying to see if
   the author is trying                        he could con Shad
   to use fiction to                           into letting him
   say some things that                        walk out with a
   you might not get                           ten thousand
   away with                                   dollar "payoff" in
   otherwise...                                his pocket and a
                                               train-ticket out
     When Hammet was                           of town.
     writing, Prohibition
     was in full swing,                        Maybe he was
     and Jimmy Walker and                      blowing some
     the Tammany Machine                       smoke for Madvig,
     were still in charge                      but just for old
     of New York City.                         time's sake as a
                                               parting gift.
       So maybe the author
       is trying to                            Maybe Beaumont
       puncture some                           himself doesn't
       naivete: The message                    really know and
       is that underneath                      hadn't thought
       the respectable                         it out very
       front your leaders                      clearly...
       put up, there's
       greed, power-lust,
       stupidity, and                       That seems to be the
       corruption too                       conception of
       clumsy to be                         Beaumont's character:
       glorified with words                 he really *is* a
       like "conspiracy".                   gambler, and he
                                            constantly dives into
                                            things without a
       But this mission appears to          plan, and then trys
       be completely hopeless:              to see what he can
       everyone is always willing           squeeze out of the
       to believe stuff like this           situation.
       about some other land, or
       some distant time, but not           Was he really sure
       about *our* boy, not in              what he was going
       *this* day and age.                  to do when he
                                            lifted one of
          But I'm afraid that               Taylor Henry's
          Paul Madvig has a                 hats?
          lot in common with
          the last mayor of                 Why exactly *did*
          San Francisco.                    he go out to the
                                            house where
          (And I've got                     Matthews (the
          my suspicions                     editor of the
          about the                         Observer) lived?
          present one as
          well.)                            Twice over, he has a
                                            hand in manipulating
                                            things so that Paul
                                            Madvig's enemies die,
                                            but he can't really
                                            be said to have
                                            planned their deaths.



                                      The glass key can open the door,
                                      but it's fragile, it may break
                                      and leave you with the door stuck
                                      open.  You will have to live with
                                      whatever was on the other side of
                                      it, and it may not be -- probably
                                      won't be -- what you expected.

                                         So what is
                                         The Glass Key
                                         really?

                                            Consciousness?

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