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BOUNDARY_OF_METAPHOR


                                             July 20, 2022

                                                   ENGLEBARTS_BARD

I was once again cracking the cover
of Thierry Bardini's problematic           I must say, if you're an irony
"Bootstrapping"...                         addict there's nothing quite
                                           like consulting some dead trees
Once again, this is a nice scholarly       about hypertext systems.
job of recording some intellectual
history, but it's somewhat marred by           I found that Bardini's
Bardini's attempts at doing heavy              chapter notes (in the form of
insightful analysis, at which he's             the traditional numbered
less than stellar (and at his worst,           micro-superscripts) were
he turns into a blithering pomo                nearly impossible to deal
idjit, a trend-hopper on trends                with, in part because they
long-since gone passe...).                     were missing any sort of back
                                               references.  I started
                                               grinding through the process
                                               of looking up the footnotes
                                               and entering the source page
The reason I'm re-opening the case             number of each note...
is puzzling over some oddities in
Chapter 2, on p. 42 of my edition.

At the close of one section, he mentions
the "human-computer interface"-- a very       This is a book nominally about
familiar phrase-- then at the beginning       Englebart, whose team did a lot
of the following section he brings up the     of creative work on
"human-computer boundary"-- though this       human-computer interfaces.
is not at all a familiar phrase to me,
and Bardini presents no references to
anyone but himself using this phrase.


     "The point of contact between human and
     computer intelligence, the boundary that
     separates and joins them, usually has         I'm not sure anyone tries
     been located only via metaphor.  ... the      to locate it, or finds the
     very use of the word 'boundary' in this       issue at all puzzling.
     context is itself metaphorical: [7] it
     suggests that there is a 'space' where
     the process of the mind and the processes
     of the machine are in contact, a line
     where one cannot be distinguished from
     the other except by convention-- the sort     Actually, there are also
     of line usually drawn after a war, if one     boundaries that I think you
     follows the lessons of human                  could call "natural
     history. [8]"                                 boundaries", in the same
                                                   sense as "natural kinds":
                                                   there are distinctions that
                                                   seem like more than mere
                                                   conventions: human skin,
                                                   cellular walls, etc
   There are at least *two*
   slights of hand going on here:

     (1) the usual phrase is "interface",    Notably, an "interface" seems
         not "boundary".                     like an abstract concept, which
                                             doesn't involve a metaphorical
     (2) computers and humans both exist     "this-is-like-that" at all.
         in *actual* space.
                                               But then, I also question
                                               whether an intellectual
    If you felt the need to talk               "boundary" is necessarily
    about the human-computer boundary,         a metaphor.
    it's easy enough to pin it
    down in real space: I've got                 If you talk about, say, the
    these keys under my fingers,                 boundary between sociology
    I'm looking at pixels on the                 and psychology, I would say
    screen.                                      that usage is well on it's
                                                 way to becoming a pure
    If this counts as metaphor,                  abstraction, though it may
    is there anything that doesn't?              very well have etymological
                                                 roots in the idea of a
                                                 spatial boundary like a
                                                 property boundary-- that gets
The following page (p.43) is phenomenal          clear if you talk about the
in it's dumbness, it has that fractally          "territory" of a discipline.
wrong quality of much of the academic
discouse of the 90s (this book was               But you don't *need* to
published in 2000).                              think of this as a metaphor
                                                 to understand the phrase.
It veers off into an attack on the Turing
test, quoting Benny Shannon with approval:       Also, it's also worth
                                                 remembering a property line is
  "But, of course, there are ways to             *already* a human idea, it's
  tell the difference between                    something we impose on the
  computer and man.  Everybody know              landscape, not some natural
  them.  ... look at them, touch                 feature of the world.
  them tickle them, perhaps see
  whether you fall in love with them.            If this is "metaphor" it's an
  Stupid, you will certainly say ... "           odd form, grounding an
                                                 abstraction in another older
     Well, now that you mention it.              abstraction that's so familiar
                                                 it feels like a concrete
  "... the whole point is to make the            feature of the world.
  decision without seeing the
  candidates, without touching them,                 You could just say they're
  only by communicating with them via                two examples of the same
  a teletype.  Yes, but this, we have                sort of abstraction.
  seen, is tantamount to begging the
  question under consideration."

     It doesn't *beg* the question,
     it ducks the question, puts       TURING_REST
     the question on hold.
                                          Or rather the questions:

                                            What is --
   If the author doesn't
   like teletypes, one                       o  intelligence?
   might wonder if they                      o  humanity?
   felt they could estimate
   the intelligence of
   another human being
   through an exchange of
   letters... or perhaps,
   by reading their             It has to be the silliset argument against
   quotations in the            human-scale artificial intelligence I've
   academic press.              ever seen: computers can't be *people*:
                                they don't piss every day.

                                             Say what you will about the
                                             millenials, but several decades
                                             of dorky science fiction movies
                                             have made it much less likely
                                             you'll hear this kind of silliness.


  But it's difficult to see what the
  drive is underlying the line he's
  taking.  He's uneasy about the
  mind-body dichotomy?  He worries that
  thinking of the mind as a kind of
  computer might be yet another trendy
  metaphor without solid basis?

     Or maybe Bardini just
     wants to jabber about
     metaphors, and is too
     intellectually sloppy
     to notice he's made up         Quick, is "straw man" a metaphor?  It
     a straw man metaphor on        *used* to refer to practice dummies
     the fly that no one            for military drills, does it still?
     else uses.                     You don't need to know the history to
                                    use the phrase correctly-- whether it
                                    can count as a metaphor depends on the
                                    knowledge of the speaker, on how they
                                    internally understand the phrase even
                                    though this may not be at all evident
                                    to the reader...

                                       A subtlety that may not make it
                                       through the Turing barrier.



Bardini:

   "When one considers the mind-as-a-computer metaphor
   as a means to make sense of the "boundary" metaphor
   (a metaphor interpreting a metaphor), the obvious
   conclusion is that the topographical aspects are
   definitely not what determines the meaning: if the
   compared materially of human beings and computers
   is the false residual of the mind-as-computer
   metaphor, one should conclude that there is no
   'natural' way to locate the boundary that
   distinguishes and joins them. But the ultimate goal
   of the project to create artificial intelligence was     I refuse to accept
   to achieve the material realization of the metaphor      any colleague that
   of the computer as a 'colleague,' and therefore a        can't be fired for
   mind, a machine that can pass the Turing Test. "         masturbating during
                                                            a zoom session.








To close at the end, which is where I came in:

Reading through Bardini's
footnotes, one caught my eye:

    "7. Indeed, the consequences of Gödel's
    theorem could be undersood as
    justifying a proposition such as "any         Puzzling over this lead me
    boundary is arbitrary" and therefore          to focus on P. 42, where
    observer-dependent.  Because in this          this foot is noted.
    case, we, human beings, raise the
    question, it could be claimed that the        Reading this again now,
    answer is determined by the                   I wonder if Bardini has
    intellectual equipment required to            Gödel confused with
    express the question (i.e., language,         Heisenberg. This would
    in its metaphorical dimensions).              make more sense, albiet
    Unless, of course you assume that there       only slightly.
    is such a thing as a 'concept of
    boundary' independent of the word               But then a close reading
    'boundary.'"                                    shows so much weaseling
                                                    ("could be understood as";
If you pick up a thesaurus, I'm sure                "it could be claimed")
you'll find many synonyms to express                one wonders why one would
the notion...                                       bother with a close
                                                    reading.



And it might be argued that in the footnote which
immediately follows, there is a suggestion which
in the light of the overall discourse of history
and the usual intellectual dodges of insecure
light-weights desperate for tenure even at the
University of Iowa if necessary, that this all
could be taken to imply that the entire project is
clearly under attack by the excessively empirical
rejection of the sophomoric semaphoric symphonic
metaphor:

    "8. In this, the boundary metaphor is
    different in the case of the
    human-animal boundary, in which the
    topological implications are inclusive,
    rather than juxtapositive.  As Bernard
    Williams (1991, 13) puts it, "we are a
    distinctive kind of animal but not any
    distinctive kind of machine."

  Truly distinctive: the only animal
  that produces prose like this.

  Other animals only piss literally.

                                              Not in (or on) literature.



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